兰州盆地新石器时期遗址分布与地形的关系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

姜梦迪  张鹏丽  梁博毅  李育 《干旱区地理》2020,43(1):27-37

研究遗址和地形等环境要素的关系有助于理解人地关系的作用机制。基于GIS空间分析和二元逻辑斯蒂模型分析了兰州盆地新石器时期马家窑和齐家文化遗址空间分布的特征、变化规律及影响因素，定量研究了地形等环境要素与遗址分布的关系。结果表明：新石器时期的马家窑文化、半山文化、马厂文化和齐家文化遗址均沿黄河分布，主要集中于河流阶地上坡度较小的区域。距河流的水平最近距离为318.6~17 721.7 m。新石器遗址特别是马厂遗址的空间集聚性明显。从马家窑类型、半山类型，发展到马厂类型，单一型遗址的占比逐渐由53.3%增多至92.6%。马厂类型的分布中心距离黄河最近。地形等环境要素显著影响遗址的空间分布，遗址出现概率主要受坡度、坡向和距黄河最近距离的影响，模型的解释程度可达65.0%。引入历史时期和现代聚落进行比较，历史时期聚落分布受到高程和坡度的影响，而现代聚落的分布主要受到高程、坡度和距河流距离的影响。聚落分布和影响因素的演变可能受到社会生产力发展的影响。  相似文献   

The cooperative and conflictual interactions between the United States,Russia, and China: A quantitative analysis of event data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YUAN Lihua  SONG Changqing  CHENG Changxiu  SHEN Shi  CHEN Xiaoqiang  WANG Yuanhui 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(10):1702-1720

The United States, Russia and China are militarily and economically among the most powerful countries in the post-Cold War period, and the interactions between the three powers heavily influence the international system. However, different conclusions about this question are generally made by researchers through qualitative analysis, and it is necessary to objectively and quantitatively investigate their interactions. Monthly-aggregated event data from the Global Data on Events, Location and Tone(GDELT) to measure cooperative and conflictual interactions between the three powers, and the complementary cumulative distribution function(CCDF) and the vector autoregression(VAR) method are utilized to investigate their interactions in two periods: January, 1991 to September, 2001, and October, 2001 to December, 2016. The results of frequencies and strengths analysis showed that: the frequencies and strengths of USA-China interactions slightly exceeded those of USA-Russia interactions and became the dominant interactions in the second period. Although that cooperation prevailed in the three dyads in two periods, the conflictual interactions between the USA and Russia tended to be more intense in the second period, mainly related to the strategic contradiction between the USA and Russia, especially in Georgia, Ukraine and Syria. The results of CCDF indicated that similar probabilities in the cooperative behaviors between the three dyads, but the differences in the probabilities of conflictual behaviors in the USA-Russia dyad showed complicated characteristic, and those between Russia and China indicated that Russia had been consistently giving China a hard time in both periods when dealing with conflict. The USA was always an essential factor in affecting the interactions between Russia and China in both periods, but China's behavior only played a limited role in influencing the interactions between the USA-Russia dyad. Our study provides quantitative insight into the direct cooperative and conflictual interactions between the three dyads since the end of the Cold War and helps to understand their interactions better.  相似文献   

基坑及周边建筑物变形监测方案   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯文辰  刘欣  王永跃  刘绪广 《测绘与空间地理信息》2009,32(1)

结合某基坑变形监测项目,从观测墩及觇牌的设计、观测方法、精度估计等方面对基坑水平位移观测进行了介绍,并介绍了利用差异沉降量推算法进行倾斜观测的方法.  相似文献   

Distribution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments and core sediments of the Shenzhen Bay in Guangdong Province, China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

ZUO Ping  WANG Yaping  MIN Fengyang  CHENG Jun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(6):53-60

The concentration of zinc, chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead and copper was measured on both surface sediments and core sediments in the Shenzhen Bay. The average contents of all metals have exceeded the background values in the coastal zone of Guangdong Province. Cadmium is a heavy pollution matter which indicates a strong pollution level according to the ecological risk coefficient method. The ecological risk index of the whole area is 299 which belongs to middle and strong level. The area with strong pollution level is the near shore area closing to the inside of Shenzhen Bay, Shakou area is in the middle level while the weak pollution level occurs in Shenzhenhe Estuary according to ecological risk index. The four sediment cores can be divided into two parts based on lead-210 dating, sediments size analysis and economic development period in surrounding areas since 1950 with strong human intervention. The sediment size, deposition rate and human activities have positive relationship with the contents of heavy metals which directly impact the pollution level of heavy metals in sediments in Shenzhen Bay.  相似文献   

Resolving physically and biologically driven suspended particulate matter dynamics in a tidal basin with a distribution-based model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Joeran Maerz  Kai Wirtz 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Understanding suspended particulate matter (SPM) dynamics in coastal waters is crucial to assess changes in coastal sediment budgets and biogeochemical fluxes. SPM dynamics are subject to various physical and biological factors and processes such as, e.g. tidal currents and aggregation which can be enhanced by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are produced by algae and bacteria. It is still unclear how the different factors and processes interact and together determine SPM dynamics. To unravel the interacting processes and factors, we propose a new distribution-based modeling approach. Based on the derivation of explicit equations for size distribution characteristics of SPM such as the average radius, we derived a model of reduced complexity characterized by low initialization and parameterization effort as well as low computational cost. The proposed 0D model includes the processes of aggregation and fragmentation due to shear, aggregation due to differential settling, deposition, resuspension and tidal exchange, and describes the evolution of the SPM concentration in the water column linked by the settling velocity to the change of the mass average radius of the aggregate distribution. A systematic parameter variation for critical bottom shear stress of erosion, the size of resuspended aggregates, the fractal dimension, the collision efficiency, and the aggregate strength has been performed and compared to observations in the back-barrier basin of Spiekeroog Island in the German Wadden Sea. This analysis confirms the hypothesis that in winter biological influences on SPM dynamics are smaller compared to summer. This is mainly reflected by a significant shift in the various parameters. We hence conclude that biological control mechanisms have a much more quantitative relevance for SPM dynamics than currently represented by state-of-the-art SPM transport models.  相似文献   

The statistical distribution of nearbed wave orbital velocity in intermediate coastal water depth     

Zai-Jin You 《Coastal Engineering》2009

The statistical distribution of wave orbital velocity in intermediate coastal water depth has been quantitatively determined from the comprehensive field velocity data collected near the seabed in this study. Two ocean ADV current meters, which were mounted at 0.5 m above the seabed on two separate stainless steel tripods sitting on the seabed, were used to measure instantaneous water particle velocities at a 2 Hz sampling rate for 17.07 min every hour in two coastal water depths of 11 m and 23 m in nine field deployments over a period of 2 years. The zero-crossing method is applied to analyse the field velocity data collected in each field deployment to obtain a large sample of wave orbital velocity amplitudes of individual waves. Based on the collected field velocity data, it is found that the histogram of instantaneous wave orbital velocities perfectly follows the Gaussian distribution as commonly assumed, while the histogram of wave orbital velocity amplitudes is less accurately described by the Rayleigh distribution than the modified Rayleigh and the Weibull distribution. It is also found that large orbital velocity amplitudes are generally overestimated by the Rayleigh distribution, but well predicted by the modified Rayleigh and the Weibull distribution. The expected value of maximum orbital velocity in a velocity record of finite size is also derived from the three distributions and found to agree well with the present field data.  相似文献   

Numerical Prediction of Induced Pressure and Lift of the Planing Surfaces     

Hassan GHASSEMI  Ahmad Reza KOHANSAL  Mahmoud GHIASSI 《中国海洋工程》2009,23(2):221-232

This paper discusses the numerical prediction of the induced pressure and lift of the planing surfaces in a steady motion based on the potential flow solver as well as the spray drag by use of the practical method.The numerical method for computation of the induced pressure and lift is potential-based boundary element method.Special technique is identified to present upwash geometry and to determine the spray drag.Numerical results of a planing flat plate and planing craft model 4666 are presented.It is shown that the method is robust and efficient and the results agree well with the experimental measurements with various Froude humors.  相似文献   

Exploring a first-principles-based model for zooplankton respiration     

Packard  Ted T.; Gomez  May 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2008,65(3):371-378

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Influence of the vertical distribution of cyanobacteria in the water column on the remote sensing signal   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tiit Kutser  Liisa Metsamaa  Arnold G. Dekker   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,78(4):649-654

An increased intensity of cyanobacterial blooms and their potentially harmful effects have attracted the attention of environmental agencies, water authorities and the general public worldwide. Reliable operational monitoring methods of coastal waters, lakes and ponds are needed. Mapping of the surface extent of cyanobacterial blooms with remote sensing is straightforward, but recognizing waters dominated by cyanobacteria throughout the water column and quantitative mapping of cyanobacterial biomass with remote sensing is more complicated. Unlike most algae, cyanobacteria can regulate their buoyancy and move vertically in the water column. We used the Hydrolight 4.2 radiative transfer model and the specific optical properties of three species of cyanobacteria to study the impact of vertical distribution of cyanobacteria on the remote sensing signal. The results show that the vertical distribution of cyanobacteria in the water column has a significant impact on the remote sensing signal. This result indicates that developing remote sensing methods for quantitative mapping of cyanobacterial biomass is much more complex than quantitative mapping of an algal biomass that is uniformly distributed in the top mixed layer of water column.  相似文献   

基于3S技术的土地动态监管系统研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈建忠  管卫忠  孙云清 《地理信息世界》2009,7(4)

研究目的:针对目前县级国土资源土地利用动态监管的现状和要求,探讨了采用信息化手段如移动执法和在线分析等工具辅助土地执法监察管理,建立土地动态监管新模式.研究方法:采用全B/S架构,ArcGIS Server Standard 9.3 GIS平台和ArcPad 7.1嵌入式GIS平台,建立土地动态监管系统.研究结论:利用3S技术建立的土地动态监管系统可以满足土地监管工作信息化需求,操作简单便捷,适合基层土地管理人员使用,同时有助于提高工作效率,降低调查成本,规范土地执法监察行为.  相似文献